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Objective To systematically analyze the current status of outcomes reporting in clinical trials on treating stasis acute mastitis with Traditional Chinese Medicine breast massage.Methods We searched CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane library, JBI, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Clinical Trials Registry Platform portal, Clinical Trials Registry, Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, Center Watch Registry from inception to May 15, 2022 to find randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, case series and cohort studies which reported the outcomes of stasis acute mastitis managed with Traditional Chinese Medicine breast massage, with search terms of mastitis, acute mastitis, lactation mastitis, puerperal mastitis, breast problem, breast engorgement, milk stasis, blocked ducked, breast pain, breast massage, and acupoint massage. Outcomes and the measurement schemes (measurement methods, timing of assessing outcome, frequency of assessing outcome, measurers) were extracted from the included studies. We used the Management of Otitis Media with Effusion in Children with Cleft Palate (MOMENT) to assess the quality of each study, then categorized outcomes derived from the included studies into different domains according to the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Arthritis Clinic Trials (OMERACT) Filter 2.1 framework.Results We identified 85 clinical trials, in which 54 different outcomes were reported. A total of 81.2% (69/85) of studies were assessed as medium quality with a mean score of 2.6, and 18.8% (16/85) as low quality with a mean score of 0.9. These outcomes were organized in three core areas. Lump size (89.4%, 76/85) was the most frequently reported outcome, followed by breast pain (69.4%, 59/85) and milk excretion (68.2%, 58/85). Five methods were used to assess lump size and four methods to assess breast pain.Conclusions The outcomes reported in clinical trials regarding stasis acute mastitis treated by Traditional Chinese Medicine breast massage are heterogeneous. Developing a core outcome set to achieve consistent standards for reporting outcomes and modalities for validation of the outcomes is clearly warranted.
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Child , Female , Humans , Australia , Massage , Mastitis/therapy , Mastodynia , Medicine, Chinese TraditionalABSTRACT
Background@#As a large, prospective, multicenter study-based prognostic score for hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF), the Chinese group on the study of severe hepatitis B-acute-on-chronic liver failure score (COSSH-ACLFs), has been approved by some foreign scholars; however, its predictive value needs to be verified. This study investigated the predictive value of COSSH-ACLFs for short-term prognosis in Chinese patients with HBV-ACLF.@*Methods@#This retrospective cohort study included 751 patients with HBV-ACLF admitted to the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 2011 and December 2014. Spearman method was used to assess the correlation of COSSHACLFs with classical scores. Different COX multivariate regression models were used to confirm the relationship between COSSHACLFs and short-term prognosis in patients with HBV-ACLF, and stratified analysis was used to further verify the stability of this relationship. We compared the predictive powers of COSSH-ACLFs and other classical scores using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and Z-test.@*Results@#A total of 975 patients with HBV-ACLF were screened, and 751 were analyzed (623 male and 128 female). COSSH-ACLFs was the highest in patients with end-stage ACLF, followed by those with middle- and early-stage ACLF (H = 211.8, P < 0.001). In the fully adjusted model, COX multivariate regression analysis revealed that COSSH-ACLFs (as a continuous variable) was independently and positively correlated with mortality risk in patients with HBV-ACLF at 28 days (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.37 [1.22, 1.53], P < 0.001) and 90 days (HR: 1.43 [1.29, 1.58], P < 0.001). The same trend could be observed in the crude model and minimally adjusted model. The AUROCs of COSSH-ACLFs for 28-day and 90-day prognoses in patients with HBV-ACLF were 0.807 and 0.792, respectively, indicating a stronger predictive accuracy than those of classic models.@*Conclusions@#COSSH-ACLFs, with a superior predictive accuracy compared with other classical scores, can strongly predict shortterm prognosis in Chinese patients with HBV-ACLF.
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BACKGROUND@#As a large, prospective, multicenter study-based prognostic score for hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF), the Chinese group on the study of severe hepatitis B-acute-on-chronic liver failure score (COSSH-ACLFs), has been approved by some foreign scholars; however, its predictive value needs to be verified. This study investigated the predictive value of COSSH-ACLFs for short-term prognosis in Chinese patients with HBV-ACLF.@*METHODS@#This retrospective cohort study included 751 patients with HBV-ACLF admitted to the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 2011 and December 2014. Spearman method was used to assess the correlation of COSSH-ACLFs with classical scores. Different COX multivariate regression models were used to confirm the relationship between COSSH-ACLFs and short-term prognosis in patients with HBV-ACLF, and stratified analysis was used to further verify the stability of this relationship. We compared the predictive powers of COSSH-ACLFs and other classical scores using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and Z-test.@*RESULTS@#A total of 975 patients with HBV-ACLF were screened, and 751 were analyzed (623 male and 128 female). COSSH-ACLFs was the highest in patients with end-stage ACLF, followed by those with middle- and early-stage ACLF (H = 211.8, P < 0.001). In the fully adjusted model, COX multivariate regression analysis revealed that COSSH-ACLFs (as a continuous variable) was independently and positively correlated with mortality risk in patients with HBV-ACLF at 28 days (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.37 [1.22, 1.53], P < 0.001) and 90 days (HR: 1.43 [1.29, 1.58], P < 0.001). The same trend could be observed in the crude model and minimally adjusted model. The AUROCs of COSSH-ACLFs for 28-day and 90-day prognoses in patients with HBV-ACLF were 0.807 and 0.792, respectively, indicating a stronger predictive accuracy than those of classic models.@*CONCLUSIONS@#COSSH-ACLFs, with a superior predictive accuracy compared with other classical scores, can strongly predict short-term prognosis in Chinese patients with HBV-ACLF.
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A novel polydimethylsiloxane ( PDMS)-poly-L-lysine ( PLL) microfluidic chip, comprised of 24 reaction channels with 2. 5 μL volume of each reaction channel only, was proposed for quantitative analysis of methamphetamine ( MET) based on time-resolved immunoassay techniques. The chip utilized the adsorption characteristics of PDMS and PLL towards proteins to immobilize MET complete antigens ( MET-BSA) on the surface of reaction channel. Then the competition reaction could happen between MET-Ag in the sample solution and MET-BSA on the inner surfaces of the reaction channels with MET-Ab in the reagent. The surface of latex microspheres was labeled by lanthanide, which could emit red fluorescence under the exposure of ultraviolet ( UV ) . Based on the principle of competitive immunoassay, the more MET-Ag, the less the fluorescence intensity in the reaction channel. The detection results of this chip were acquired using UV-irradiation fluorescence imaging method. With this method, 24 samples could be detected and analyzed simultaneously on a chip by just taking the fluorescence image of the chip. The method allows the detection of MET antigens ranging from 100 ng/mL to 3000 ng/mL, with less sample consumption and high-throughput. This chip is suitable for the police preliminary screening work and has a good application prospects.
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Objective:Malnutrition is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality from pediatric liver disease.We investigated the prevalence of both malnutrition and high nutritional risk in hospitalized children with liver disease as well as the rate of in-hospital nutritional support.Methods:A total of 2 874 hospitalized children and adolescents with liver disease aged 1 to 17 years (inclusive) were enrolled.Malnutrition was screened by anthropometric measures (heightfor-age,weight-for-height,weight-for-age,and BMI-for-age z-scores).The Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth (STRONGkids) was used to evaluate nutritional risk status.Nutrition markers in blood,rate of nutritional support,length of hospital stay,and hospital fees were compared among nutritional risk groups.Results:The overall prevalence of malnutrition was 38.6％.About 20.0％ of children had high nutritional risk,and prevalence of malnutrition was markedly greater in the high nutritional risk group compared with the moderate risk group (67.9％ vs 31.3％).Serum albumin and prealbumin differed significantly between high and moderate risk groups (P ＜ 0.001).Only 8.9％ of children with high nutritional risk and 3.5％ with moderate nutritional risk received nutrition support during hospitalization.Children with high nutritional risk had longer hospital stays and greater hospital costs (P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions:The prevalence of malnutrition is high in children with liver disease.High nutritional risk is also prevalent at admission.Albumin and prealbumin are sensitive markers for distinguishing nutritional risk groups.High nutritional risk prolongs length of stay and increases hospital costs.The nutritional support rate is still low and requires standardization.
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Objective To study the risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in gynecological patients administered prophylactic antiemetics.Methods A total of 1 000 gynecological surgical cases were reviewed.Data on patient characteristics,anesthesia,surgeries,and 1st postoperative day nausea and vomiting were collected and analyzed statistically.Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis included a history of motion sickness,the use of an analgesic pump,the duration of anesthesia,and the use of neostigmine.The odds ratios (ORs),in decreasing order,were that of a history of motion sickness [OR =1.953,95％ confidence interval (CI):1.404-2.716],the use of neostigmine (OR =1.831,95％ CI:1.203-2.786),the use of an analgesic pump (OR =1.472,95％ CI:1.017-2.129),and the duration of anesthesia (OR =1.256,95％ CI:1.058-1.492).The predictive model was described by the following equation:P=1/(1+e(1623-0.669X1-0.386X2-0.228X3+0.605X4)).Tne predictive accuracy of this model for the incidence of PONV in gynecological patients was 70.6％,and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the predictive result was 0.642.Conclusion The independent risk factors for PONV in gynecological patients administered prophylactic antiemetics are a history of motion sickness,the use of neostigmine,the use of an analgesic pump,and the duration of anesthesia,in decreasing order of significance.
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Objective To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of propofol-remifentanil closed-loop and open-loop anesthesia in gynecological laparoscopic operation under bispectral index (BIS) monitoring.Methods Forty female patients undergoing elective gynecological laparoscopic operation were recruited and randomly divided into closed-loop (group Ⅰ) and open-loop (group Ⅱ) groups.During anesthesia maintenance,the closed-loop group was administered with a BIS-feedback system to regulate the target effect-site concentration;whereas,the open-loop group was administered the target effect-site concentration according BIS value manually.The variation of non-invasive mean arterial pressure (MAP),heart rate (HR),SpO2,BIS,extubation time,consumption of propofol and remifentanil,Ramsay index,and subjective comfort grade were recorded at the selected time points.Results The extubation time in group Ⅰ was shorter than in group Ⅱ.The total dosage of propofol administered in group Ⅰ was less than that in group Ⅱ,but there was no significant difference in the total consumption of remifentanil.HR in group Ⅰ was steadier than in group Ⅱ.However,the MAP and Ramsay index were similar in both the groups.The subjective comfort grade in group Ⅰ was higher than in group Ⅱ.Conclusion The use of propofol-remifentanil closed-loop system by BIS-feedback anesthesia is safer,more controllable,with higher degree of satisfaction and sparing side-effects,we therefore recommend it during gynecological laparoscopic operations.
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Biodiesel is renewable and environmentally friendly; however, there are still many challenges for its commercial production as an alternative of petroleum-based transportation fuels, particularly in China with very limited resources for its biofuels development. In this article, the update progress of biodiesel R & D and production is reviewed, with a focus on its feedstock supply, manufacturing processes, quality control and byproduct utilization. It is concluded that the strategy of biorefinery to ultimately explore feedstock potentials will make biodiesel production more economically competitive.
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Biofuels , Economics , Biotechnology , Catalysis , China , Ethanol , Chemistry , Metabolism , Plant Oils , Metabolism , Plants , Chemistry , GeneticsABSTRACT
Objective To identify the genotypes of ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from the First Affiliated Hospital,Shantou University Medical College.Methods The MICs of 10 antibiotics were determined by agar-dilution against the clinical isolates of ESBLs-producing K.pneumoniae.PCR were performed with specific primers for blaTEM,blaSHV, blaCTX-M and blaOXA respectively.PCR products were cloned and sequenced.Results The results of PCR showed that a- mong the 83 strains of ESBLs-producing K.pneumoniae,75 were positive for blaTEM,41 positive for blaSHV,25 poitive for blaCTX-M,9 positive for hlaOXA.Three genotypes were found in 13 strains(15.7%),2 genotypes in 59 strains (71.1%) and single genotype in only 11 strains(13.2%).The genes of CTX-M-3,TEM-1 and SHV were found co-existent in 9 strains. The strains carrying 2 or 3 ESBL genes were more resistant to antibiotics than those carrying only 1 ESBL gene.Conclusions The genotypes of ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in this hospital are blaTEM,blaSHV,blaCTX-M and blaOXA. Most strains carry 2 or 3 ESBL genes.
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Objective To draw up a job self-regulation questionnaire for airline pilots and to evaluate its reliabilities and validities.Methods A job self-regulation questionnaire was developed based on documents and interviews.In order to examine the validity,208 airline pilots of CAAC were tested and 31 department leaders of them were interviewed.Results The self-regulation of airline pilot was composed of eight key dimensions,which had been examined in the confirmatory factor analysis.The Cronbach of full questionnaire was ?=0.743,and the reliability of each dimension was beyond Cronbach ?=0.516.Coefficient of stability of the questionnaire was beyond 0.606(P
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The expression vectors of the gene encoding ScFv-2F3 were transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3). Clones of higher expression were first selected, then were grown in the presence of IPTG at 37 degrees C to induce its expression. The culture conditions were carefully optimized. It was found that optimal conditions were as follows: the induction was started as OD590 reached to 1.0-1.8; the concentration of IPTG was 0.3-0.5 mmol/L and induction time is 7 h. The yield of ScFv-2F3 expressed in the selected clones is about 20% of the total proteins. The optimal culture conditions were successfully applied to fermenter of 50 L. The conditions of washing the inclusion bodies were also optimized. A two-step method was used to renature the inclusion body. The expression product of interest and its biological activities were characterized with Western blotting and ELISA. A novel selenium-containing single-chain abzyme with GPX activity was prepared.
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Antibodies, Catalytic , Chemistry , Genetics , Bioreactors , Microbiology , Cloning, Molecular , Escherichia coli , Gene Expression , Immunoglobulin Fragments , Chemistry , Genetics , Inclusion Bodies , Metabolism , Protein Folding , Protein Renaturation , Recombinant Proteins , Chemistry , Genetics , Selenium , MetabolismABSTRACT
To study the effect of methylmercury (MeHg)on membrane fluidity and permeability,fluidity of membrane was measured by the change of fluoroscence polarization technology and LDH activities of erythrocyte was measured by biochemical atomatic analyse instrument.The results showed that MeHg could induce the increase of the fluoroscence polarization of membrane in various organs in mice and the LDH activity in serm,and the decrease of the LDH activity in erythrocyte.It also induced the change of sulfydryl and sulfudryl enzyme activity on membrane.It indicated that MeHg could decrease the fluidity of membrane and increase the permeability of membrane.It is probably related to the speciality of MeHg easily affecting sulfydryl.